Enigma Machines - Stephen Peek

The Enigma Enciphering Machine was invented in 1918 by German engineer Arthur Scherbius. It’s an electrical Morse code-producing device that used a keyboard, lamps and a set of rotors to scramble text, then send it out to a receiving machine whose rotors were set in the exact same way as the originating machine’s. Enigma first went into production in the early 1920s and was used for civilian applications such as the protection of corporate trade secrets and private communications.

PIC Enigma Machine

PIC M3 Enigma Machine Video

If the PIC Enigma Machine doesn't detect a AT/XT keyboard, then kb will be displayed.

The 7x5 dot matrix displays are red, which is not shown very clearly in the pictures or video.

Components needed for this project:

4.5v (No voltage Regulator needed)

1x - PIC16F628A

1x - PIC 18-Pin Socket

1x - PS/2 Mini Connector

1x - 7x5 Dot Matrix Display

5x - 100ohms (Brown, Black, Brown, Gold)

1x - Disk Capacitor 100n

You will also need the following if using a 9v Battery

2x Electrolytic Capacitor 10uF 16v

1x - 5v Voltage Regulator 78L05

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Wireless Arduino Enigma Machine

Components needed for this project:

1x Arduino UNO

1x 16x2 LCD Display

1x Logitech Cordless Desktop Express Keyboard & Receiver

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Excel Enigma Machine

Excel Enigma A Excel Enigma B

Click Enable Editing & Enable Content after downloading.

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Enigma Machine Emulator

Arduino Touch Screen Enigma Machine

Components needed for this project:

1x - Arduino UNO

1x - 2.8 inch Touch Screen

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Arduino Enigma Machine

Arduino UNO Enigma Machine

Components needed for this project:

1x Arduino UNO

1x 16x2 LCD Display

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Paper Enigma Machine

By Franklin Heath Ltd

Click on Paper Enigma below to download

Designed for a Pringles Tube

Paper Enigma Machine using a Pringles Tube

Enigma Configuration in the video above.

Enigma Type : M3

Reflector (Umkehrwalze): B

Rotor Order (Walzenlage): I II III

Ring Setting (Ringstellung): A A A

Rotor Start Position (Grundstellung): K E T

HUBNEQ = ENIGMA (Not Correct, due to double stepping!)

HUBNEQ = YIMKVW

JVEFTI = ENIGMA

The Paper Enigma Machine performs perfectly, but in certain conditions you need to remember: Double Stepping

Double Stepping applies: When Rotor Position 2 (Middle), and with any Rotor from 1 to 8 only when its Turnover Position is ready to turn. Regardless of the rotor in Position 3 (right) , the middle rotor will rotate on the next key press caused by the pawls and ratchets of the Enigma Machine.

Enigma Machine Internal Wiring

The Zählwerksmaschine A28 and the Enigma G, were driven by a gear mechanism with cog-wheels and did not suffer from the double stepping anomaly.

Paper Enigma Video

When you enter the letter H, rotor III (right), rotor II (middle) and rotor I (left) will rotate together, due to the double stepping anomaly. When you enter U just rotor III (right) will rotate and entering B will rotate rotor III (right) & rotor II (middle) again this time because of the turnover position of rotor III at letter V. Entering N, E & Q will just rotate rotor III (right) once each time.

K E T (H) When you enter H the double stepping applies,

(Y) L F U (U) due to rotor II in the middle position at letter E

( I ) L F V (B) Moving all three rotors, giving the letter Y

(M) L G W (N) In the video only rotor III (right) is moved, giving E

(K) L G X (E)

(V) L G Y (Q)

(W) L G Z

Rotor I - Turnover at Q, Notch at Y

Rotor II - Turnover at E, Notch at M

Rotor III - Turnover at V, Notch at D

Rotor IV - Turnover at J, Notch at R

Rotor V - Turnover at Z, Notch at H

Rotor VI - Turnover at Z&M, Notch at H&U

Rotor VII - Turnover at Z&M, Notch at H&U

Rotor VIII - Turnover at Z&M, Notch at H&U

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Enigma Machine

The German Navy began to use it in 1926, but it was the German Army who in 1928 created a version distinctly different from the commercial machine. They added a plugboard which swapped pairs of letters and vastly increased the encipherment permutations.